Doxorubicin (DOX ) and other anthracyclines are commonly used in the treatment of cancer, both leukemias and solid tumors. The clinical use of these drugs is limited by side effects , especially the cardiotoxicity , myelosuppression , or damage to the kidneys . Efforts are therefore numerous studies aimed at reducing the side effects and increase the efficacy of doxorubicin and other anthracyclines . One alternative strategy is the use of drugs conveyors , such as liposomes, dendrimers , or the antibody nanoparticles .

Aclarubicin is one of the derivatives of anthracycline drugs exhibiting less side effects in comparison with the commonly used anthracyclines Generation - doxorubicin and daunorubicin. This article presents the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of the cytotoxic effect of the ACL, such as the effect on the activity of topoisomerase I and II, the processes of replication and transcription. Also discussed was the impact of the ACL with the cell membrane, drug transport through the membrane and the plasma membrane involved in the acquisition of multidrug resistance.

The maintenance of transbilayer lipid asymmetry is essential for normal cell membrane func- tion and homeostasis of organisms. Even though many articles appeared about loss of transmembrane phospholipid asymmetry, constantly come out new data about this interesting occurrence. The most noteworthy are studies about phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization in apoptosis. This article present the latest data about the redistribution of PS on the surface of the cells.

Until very recently, erythrocytes have been considered unable to undergo apoptosis, as they lack mitochondria and nuclei, key organelles in the apoptotic machinery of other cells. However, in most recent observations it does not seem to be the truth.The major spinning point in this research was finding caspases (cysteine proteases), that play the major role in programmed cell death, in humans mature erythrocytes. This article shows the progress of apoptosis in different stadia of humans erythro- cytes development as well as in several pathological stadia.