S100 is a family of small vertebrates, calcium-binding proteins. One of them is S100B protein, mostly in astrocytes. These cells are also a source of S100B released into the intercellular space. S100B protein involved in the regulation of many processes such as cytoskeletal protein phosphorylation, proliferation, and differentiation of cells. Conducted over 40 years, studies have shown that S100B has a positive effect on learning. But there is also evidence to suggest that excess S100B can lead to memory disorders.

The shape of the cells of the nervous tissue is often very complicated, hence the need to use advanced mathematical methods for its description. One of these methods is derived from fractal geometry. This article presents the basic methods of calculating the fractal dimension of the cells and examples of its use. It describes four methods for calculating the fractal dimension: a method of dilation, box, compass and boxes of sand. These can be used to measure the space other tissue cells, blood vessels, cancer, and many other biological structures.