The shape of the cells of the nervous tissue is often very complicated, hence the need to use advanced mathematical methods for its description. One of these methods is derived from fractal geometry. This article presents the basic methods of calculating the fractal dimension of the cells and examples of its use. It describes four methods for calculating the fractal dimension: a method of dilation, box, compass and boxes of sand. These can be used to measure the space other tissue cells, blood vessels, cancer, and many other biological structures. Complementing the fractal dimension can be parameters such as size, bulk or circularity, which describe the different characteristics of the tested objects. The combined use of these parameters can accurately describe the morphology of the cells.