Non-specific lipid transfer proteins (ns-LTPs) belong to a large family of plant proteins whose function in vivo remains unknown. On the basis of their structure, properties and functions two main classes of lipid transfer protein have been identified in plants, ns-LTP1 and ns-LTP2 respectively. The most interesting structural feature of the ns-LTP proteins is the presence of four amphipatic α-helices which form the internal hydrophobic cavity that can bind the lipid molecules. Plants ns-LTPs are encoded by a multigenic family, therefore different isoforms may correspond to different functions. It has been implicated that plant lipid transfer proteins are involved in protecting surface layer formation, somatic embryogenesis, signaling and plant adaptation to various environmental conditions. Some of the ns-LTP proteins are also known to be panallergens of plant-derived foods. It has been recently shown that the lipid transfer proteins bind to the sites located on plasma membranes which have been identified as the elicitin receptors. It indicated important role of this proteins in plant defense mechanisms against pathogens.