Transcription activity of genes encoding three gonadotropin subunits: (α, LHβ, FSHβ) de- pends on specific cis- and trans-acting regulatory elements located on their promoters. Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) is a crucial neurohormon stimulating these genes transcriptional activity. Pulsatile intracerebroventricular microinjections of GnRH, β-endorphin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and galanin in ovariectomized rats revealed their significant role in the modulation of gonadotropin subunits gene expression. LHβ and FSHβ mRNA expression were stimulated by low frequency GnRH pulses whereas α subunit mRNA level was stimulated also by high frequency pulses. β-endorphin reduced α and LHβ gene expression and diminished the stability of both mRNAs. VIP acting through its specific receptors reduced endogenous GnRH system activity and decreased both α and LHβ mRNA level in pituitary gland. Instead, galanin up-regulated GnRH receptor activity and exerted stimulatory effect on α and LHβ gene expression. Its effect depended on gonadal steroids and specific galanin receptors. FSHβ gene expression was dependent both on GnRH and as well as on activin stimulation and both peptides were acting independently and synergistically. Peptidergic modulation (stimulatory or inhibitory) of endogenous GnRH system activity results in a significant changes of gonadotropin subunits mRNA content and, in consequence, may indirectly influence on gonadotropin biosynthesis activity in female rats.