Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria is the important initiating agent of inflammation. LPS stimulates inflammatory cells, including blood platelets, to production of secondary mediators of inflammation. The uncontrolled development of inflammation is responsible for pathophysiological reactions; leads to sepsis and septic shock and even to death. Blood platelets play an important role not only in haemostasis but also in inflammation and in pathogenesis of septic shock. Activation of blood platelets leads to platelets adhesion, aggregation and secretion of proinflammatory agents. LPS activates blood platelets by inflammatory mediators released from other cells and probably can directly interact with blood platelets. This review presents the role of blood platelets in inflammation and in biological activity of lipopolysaccharide and direct influence of its on blood platelet functions.