The use of DNA sequence analysis has allowed to formulate a number of new hypotheses regarding the phylogeny and systematics of living organisms. Using the new methodology has contributed to significant progress in the field of taxonomy and phylogeny of bryophytes. The paper presents the current state of research and new hypotheses concerning the phylogeny of bryophytes put forward on the basis of DNA sequence analysis Bryophyta. It also presents a hypothesis on the origin of land plants in the context of studies of molecular evolution of bryophytes. The described results allow a new way to look at the systematics of bryophytes and the origin of land plants.