Use the process of endocytosis targeted receptors (ER) allowed the development of methods for vector targeted introduction of macromolecules into target cells. The article presents various methods for introducing DNA into cells based on the use of the process of endocytosis. Discusses in detail the introduction of therapeutic genes into target cells of non-viral vectors through hereinafter molecular conjugates. Describes the construction of these vectors are discussed domains that bind DNA responsible for the binding of ligands to receptors in the membrane of target cells, the components which facilitate the release of the vector with the endosomal targeting signal and the factors introducing DNA into the cell nucleus. Describes the advantages and limitations of molecular conjugates as vectors for introducing therapeutic genes into cells, and the prospects of their use for gene therapy ex vivo and in vivo.