The NF-kB-dependent signaling pathways are essential components of cellular response to stress. Mammalian family of NF-kB consists of five NF-kB/Rel proteins, which are subunits of the NF-kB transcription factor, and four IkB proteins, which are their specific inhibitors. Activation of NF-kB requires degradation of IkB, which allows nuclear translocation of NF-kB and its binding to cisacting DNA regulatory elements. NF-kB transcription factors regulate expression of numerous genes, which are involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, immune response and inflammatory response.

Te overall body plan of the organism is laid down during oogenesis, and in early embryogenesis. In many types of eggs some specific factors (determinants) are symmetrically deposited within these cells what results thereafter in differential mitoses of embryos. The overall body plan of embryo results from a hierarchy and spatially self-limiting activations of fairly universal classes of genes coding some transcription factors essential for pattern formation in different types of embryos, and from activations of genes controlling the geometry of cleavage.