Lymphomas are tumors of the lymphatic system, but its cells, mainly lymphocytes constitute morphological substrate of the immune system. Lymphocytes are characterized by the expression of several antigens manifested in subsequent stages of development. These, so called differentiation antigens grouped in CD classification are also expressed in lymphomas. They may be traced by means of various methods, and in particular, by flow cytometry.

Current ideas concerning various aspects of the biology of dendritic cells (DC) were presented, including subdivision on two subsets and follow-ups of their activation. The issue of DC cross-presenta- tion (cross-priming) was discussed in detail as an important facet of their immunobiological function. The relevant role of DC in immunoregulation was underlined, particularly the action of immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β and the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Attention was paid to the significance of DC in the induction of immunological tolerance.

Rapid progress of biological and medical research depends largely on steadily growing informa- tion in online databases and its accessibility for researchers. All centers involved in the collection of nucleotide and aminoacid sequences exchange and update available data. Full benefit from this information may be obtained only by proper analysis provided by several bioinformatic services. In their formation people from broad scientific community are engaged and their effects of work are accessible free of charge in internet.

Toll receptors belong to the family of receptors with a high evolutionary conservatism . They play an important role in the activation of insect resistance until wrodzonejod birds. For the first time been detected and characterized in Drosophila ( Drosophila melanogaster ) , where they are involved in embryogenesis and immunity against pathogens . We detected a homologous receptors in a mammal, including a human, which is called Toll -like receptors ( TLRs , Toll -Like Receptors ) .

The paper presents the current state of research on the 140-kD isoform of neural cell adhesion molecule CD56/NCAM. Briefly discussed biosynthesis, structure, and the putative function of the molecule. Different forms of the molecule results not only from changes posttranscriptional mRNA, but also during the post-translational modifications involving the attachment of various groups chemicznych.Wskazano major site of its occurrence in both normal tissues, as in human pathology, mainly in malignant tumors.