Now, it is known that aberrant cell adhesion is one of the main mechanism involved in tumor progression. Formation of metastases in majority of thyroid carcinomas evidenced the disturbance in this process. In this review, the proteins playing role in regulation of cell adhesion in thyroid neoplasms are described.

Today has been a growing interest in research aimed to identify potential molecular markers of malignant tumors of the thyroid. This involves problems in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer, in particular adenoma and follicular carcinoma. The paper presents the general characteristics of thyroid cancer and describes the most promising markers of thyroid cancer, ie, galectin-1 and -3, HMGA proteins (HMGI / Y), thymosin b-10, and telomerase.

In eukaryotic cells, nuclear envelope separates the nucleus of replication and transcription of the DNA from the cytoplasm where protein biosynthesis occurs. The proper functioning of a cell depends on the efficient exchange of proteins and RNA between the two compartments phones. Nuclear-cytoplasmic transport takes place through complex protein structures, which are nuclear pore complexes. Transport proteins and the RNA is a selective process, depending on the energy signal and the specific nuclear and cytoplasmic receptors.