Introduction: multipotential stem cells are already applied for guided tissue regeneration, therefore the challenge of contemporary dentistry is to apply dental pulp stem cells for guided dentin regeneration. The in vitro and in vivo studies as well as a molecular analysis showed such a possibility. So far, bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) have been successfully utilized for treatment of the autoimmunological syndromes and cancers. BMSC have been well recognized, however the way of their isolation maybe hazardous for a patient.

The dentin formation and mineralization proceeds in the defined, matrix-mediated manner. It begins from the secretion of the organic matrix and ends with the complete mineral deposition. The dentin apposition takes place when odontoblasts begin the secretion of type I collagen into the extracel- lular compartment. Type I collagen is the main component of the dentin extracellular organic matrix and forms the specific scaffold for the deposition of dentin hydroxyapatite crystals.

Dental enamel is the most mineralized tissue all over the body. The enamel development begins with the organic matrix secretion. The enamel extracellular matrix mainly consists of amelogenins and enamelins. As the enamel maturation progress the organic matrix undergoes proteolitic degradation. The remnants, which remain after the degradation are subsequently withdrawn and replaced with hydro- xyapatites crystals which form the enamel prisms. The enamel secretion and maturation can be modified by fluoride ions supplemented per os.