Late AGEs-AGE-formed through non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins (Maillard reaction). AGE modify the functions of cells by interacting with specific cell surface receptors: RAGE - receptor binding late glycation products, MSR - scavenger receptor, and AGE-R1-R2-R3 - receptor complex present in the endothelium. The interaction of AGE / RAGE in a cell cause oxidative stress and activation of nuclear factor NFkB by RAS / MAPK pathway. In addition to AGEs, other ligands for RAGE are amfoteryna and amyloid-b.