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2
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Basics topics: cellular DNA is continuously damaged ; activity of cell cycle checkpoint is a part of the cellular response to DNA damage. 1 The control system of the genome and the passage through the cell cycle As you study the regulation of the cell cycle regulatory mechanisms discovered ties with a complicated network of signaling pathways , which is called the system of supervising the genome. 2 The cellular response to DNA damage . Proteins supervisory system responsive to DNA damage : pickles type protein kinases ( phosphatidylinositol kinase like ) ; trimer -forming proteins as well as proliferating cell nuclear antigen , PCNA ( called proliferating cell nuclear antigen ) ; sensing proteins (so-called 9-1-1 complex ) ; serine-threonine kinases ( Chk Chk 1 and 2 ) , so . effector kinase ; adapter proteins . DNA damage generates an alarm signal transmitted to the system and the activation of DNA repair genes necessary for cell cycle arrest , DNA repair or apoptosis . 3 Checkpoints in the cell cycle . Signalling needed to arrest cells in the G1 , S or G2 starts from ATM kinase , whose main substrates are : effector kinase required in all three control points Tp53 protein acting as a transcription factor necessary for the interface block G1 / S , nibrin ( point control S) and Brca1 (control points S and G2). Last 2 proteins are also involved in DNA repair . 4 Concluding remarks . Research on the system of supervising genome reveal the picture more complex . Most mammalian cells are described in the functions of the system control passage through the cell cycle and its coordination with the repair of DNA have been supplemented by a further , largely thanks to the analysis of the same function in yeast .
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The Editorial Board
Andrzej Łukaszyk - przewodniczący, Zofia Bielańska-Osuchowska, Szczepan Biliński, Mieczysław Chorąży, Aleksander Koj, Włodzimierz Korochoda, Leszek Kuźnicki, Aleksandra Stojałowska, Lech Wojtczak

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Katedra i Zakład Histologii i Embriologii Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Poznaniu, ul. Święcickiego 6, 60-781 Poznań, tel. +48 61 8546453, fax. +48 61 8546440, email: mnowicki@ump.edu.pl

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