During the last two decades treatment based on selective stimulation of immune system has became a promising anti-neoplastic strategy, testing in several clinical centers all over the world. Vac- cination with dendritic cells previously exposed to tumor antigens seems to be one of the most attrac- tive approaches of immunotherapy. Dendritic cell-based vaccines were tested in many early phase clinical trials in patients with solid tumors, including malignant melanoma. There are also several reports on effectiveness of this therapeutic approach in patients with hematological malignancies, espe- cially malignant lymphomas and multiple myeloma. In this review we summarize theoretical rationale and the ways of preparation of dendritic cell vaccines as well as results of their use in clinical trials with different types of malignancy.