Cell death, commonly recognized as necrosis or apoptosis, is thought to be a one of biological processes describing cell life. The phenomena of cell recycling during human life is known for a various types of cells and the resistance of cancer cells to apoptosis is also well described. Proapoptotic gene therapy is one of the method of cancer therapy. The main rationales are focused on induction of apopto- sis of cancer cells and therefore inhibition its growth. Mostly, gene therapy trials are concerned on genes encoding well known proteins of apoptotic signaling as BAX, P53, TNF, caspases. Proapoptotic gene therapy is also discussed as a supplementary method of the cancer treatment. The classical thera- pies like chemiotherapy or radiotherapy may be assisted by gene transfer strategy.