The discovery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and demonstration of their participation in postnatal new blood vessel formation accelerated their application for therapeutic angiogenesis in cardiovascular diseases and vascularity-dependent disorders treatment. First experiments done on EPCs suggested that usage of these cells in clinic may improve the quality of life of the patients not curable with standard revascularizing surgery. However, the clinical trials of cell therapy with EPCs were not as fruitful as expected. In addition, lack of specified antigens helpful in EPCs population identification and lack of data concerning molecular mechanisms of EPCs function hamper the research on proangiogenic cell therapy. But despite these difficulties, researchers keep hardworking on the strategy of therapeutic angiogenesis and the new discoveries seem to be promising.