Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARg) is one of the most intensively studied nuclear receptors of the last two decades. The receptor owe its popularity to pleiotropic actions on many important physiologic processes of single cells and whole organisms such as energy homeodynamic regulation, control of glucose and lipid metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation or angiogenesis. Beside natural ligands some synthetic agonists, antagonists and modulators of PPARg are already known. This give us an opportunity to specific influence the processes that receptor is regulating. Currently synthetic PPARg ligands, thiazolidinediones are used for glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but possibilities of full control of receptor actions lead to much greater expectations. We are writing to recount structure, actions and functions of PPARg and its possible applications in future medicine.