FIND ARTICLE

MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

Alzheimer's disease is one of the most widespread neurodegenerative disorder. The etiology of this disease is not completely elucidated. Amyloid plaques (extracellular aggregates of amyloid β peptides – Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (intracellular deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau protein) are histopa- thological hallmarks of the Alzheimer disease. These morphological changes are present mostly in brain regions involved in cognition, emotion, learning and memory. The critical events in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease are caused by amyloid β peptides.

THE IMMUNE RESPONSE CONTROL BY NATURAL (CD4+CD25+) REGULATORY T CELLS

Many studies that took place after discovery of regulatory T (Treg) cells have widened our, still incomplete, knowledge about that specialized cell population. Treg cells differentiate mainly in the thymus, but this process occurs also in the periphery. They suppress proliferation of other cells (CD4, CD8, B lymphocytes, NK) in direct, cell to cell, interactions in vitro and therefore are main controllers of the proper immune response. Deficiency as well as functional dysregulation of this population may be responsible for development of autoimmune events.

REGULATION OF CELL-CYCLE PROCESS, CELL APOPTOSIS, CYTOKINES AND ADHESION MOLECULES PRODUCTION IN LYMPHOCYTES T AND OTHER BLOOD CELLS AND NEOPLASM CELLS IN MECHANISM OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS AND TRANSCRIPTION NUCLEAR FACTOR NF-κB FAMILY ACTIVATION

Toll-like receptors (TLRs), TNF receptor (TNF-R), NF-κB and the nuclear factor NF-κB family could influence cell-cycle progression, cell apoptosis, cytokines and adhesion molecules by regu- lation of proper genes which determine these process in neoplasm cells and blood cells. The aim of this study was to introduce the latest knowledge of the nuclear factor NF-κB family role in oncogenesis and neoplasm progression.

AGING OF ERYTHROCYTE SYSTEM AND ANEMIA IN THE ELDERLY

Increasing rate of aged people in societies of developed countries is inevitably connected with occurrence of health problems closely related to this period of life. Ageing as well as old age itself, being a stage of life, are associated with coexisting involutional changes in organs, systems of organs, and old age diseases, accompanying this period of life. In physiological ageing process the disorders mainly concern haematopoesis, especially in conditions of so called hematological stress.

Cytokines and signal transduction mechanisms: IL-6-type cytokines as a model system

Cytokines play an important role in defining the fate of cells, such as proliferation, differentiation or death. Distinct responses of target cells to cytokines are determined by specific signal transduction events. The group of interleukin-6-type cytokines comprises also: interleukin-11 (IL-11), oncostatinM (OSM), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and cardiotrophin-I (CT-I). IL-6-type cytokines use pl30 as a common b chain of their multimeric receptor complexes.

The Editorial Board
Andrzej Łukaszyk - przewodniczący, Zofia Bielańska-Osuchowska, Szczepan Biliński, Mieczysław Chorąży, Aleksander Koj, Włodzimierz Korochoda, Leszek Kuźnicki, Aleksandra Stojałowska, Lech Wojtczak

Editorial address:
Katedra i Zakład Histologii i Embriologii Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Poznaniu, ul. Święcickiego 6, 60-781 Poznań, tel. +48 61 8546453, fax. +48 61 8546440, email: mnowicki@ump.edu.pl

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