MAP kinases , which include three families : the ERK , JNK and p38 , are intracellular signaling pathways by which signals can be received from the biological response of the receptor and a cell, and their activity determines the proper functioning of the immune system. MAP kinases are involved in the activation of the innate defense mechanisms involved in the cytokine production under the influence of signals from TLR receptors , and effector pathways are at the same time , which enable the cell response to cytokines.