Glucose serves as a main energy source for the majority of human cells. It is ingested with food, absorbed in the digestive tract and transported via blood to supply the whole body. Facilitated passive intracellular glucose transport is mediated by GLUT (glucose transporters) proteins while SGLT (sodiumglucose transport) proteins participate in its active transport. GLUT and SGLT expression is tissuedependent and influenced by its role in carbohydrates metabolism.

Brassinosteroids (BR) are hormones displaying high activity in stimulation of plant growth and development. They are present at low concentrations in pollen grains, anthers, seeds, leaves, stems, roots and vegetative tissues undergoing early developmental stages in a broad range of species representing various evolutionary groups. The richest sources of brassinosteroids are pollen grains and immature seeds, whereas leaves and stems contain much lower concentration of these hormones.

Phytoestrogens are biological active substances present in many plants. Phytoestrogens, mycoestrogens and xenoestrogens belong to so called environmental estrogens which may affect different biochemical processes in animals. In the review we attempt to present current knowledge on classification and occurrence of phytoestrogens as well as their metabolism and biological effects in females.

Nucleotides are among the most important compounds in all living organisms. They partici- pate in many biochemical processes in cells. They are precursors for nucleic acid synthesis, an energy source and precursors for components of primary and secondary metabolic products. Therefore, the metabolism of nucleotides are crucial for the growth and development of all organisms.