Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine-threonine protein kinase that regulates rate of several intracellular processes in response to extracellular signals, nutrients availability and energy status of the cell. mTOR regulates survival, differentiation and development of neurons including processes such as development of axon and dendritic arbor and synaptogenesis. In adult brain mTOR is crucial for synaptic plasticity as well as for learning and memory formation.