Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial tumour of childhood. Despite of the applica- tion of intensive treatment regiments, the majority of high-risk patients are eventually relapsing. This stresses the need for new therapeutical approaches to eradicate residual tumour cells, which might impro- ve the survival of the high-risk group neuroblastoma patients. Immunotherapy of neuroblastoma is one of the currently developed strategies. In this publication recent data on application of immunotherapy in neuroblastoma treatment have been reviewed.

This review discusses recent advances in the understanding of the biology of neuroblastoma, particular attention is paid to the emerging molecular and cytogenetic factors used to determine the strategy of treatment and prognosis in patients with this tumour. In addition, the genetic model of neuroblastoma development and its application in the process of stratification of patients into risk groups is presented.