Auxin plant hormones regulate a number of different processes involved in the growth and development of plants. In response to auxin are rapid changes occurring at the level of the cell membrane and changes in gene expression . Understanding the molecular principles of operation of auxin is essential to identify the hormone receptor . The variety of physiological processes regulated by auxin indicates the possibility of the operation of several independent mechanisms of auxin perception .

Proteolysis of protein on the cell surface and extracellular matrix proteolysis is a very important process that occurs in cells functioning properly. ADAM metalloproteinases are transmembrane proteins that combine features of adhesion molecules and proteinases. These proteins are involved in adhesion, fusion, release of extracellular domains of transmembrane proteins, signal transduction. ADAM proteins play an important role in processes related to: fertilization, myoblast fusion, neurogenesis, and many other processes.

The article presents the current state of knowledge of zinc as a modulator of apoptosis. This important trace element in the form of a bivalent cation has the ability to both the inhibitor and inducer of apoptosis. Contribution of Zn2 + ions in the regulation of programmed cell death is still not fully understood. It is suggested that Zn2 + ions can interact with multiple sites in the cell signaling cascade during apoptosis. Supplementation with zinc acts as an inhibitor of apoptosis, while its removal or low level induces programmed death in many cells.

This article provides basic information on proteolysis involving the ubiquitin / proteasome 26S, tightly regulated process essential for the proper functioning of cells. The focus is on discussing the proteins containing the RING finger domain and function as E3 ubiquitin ligases involved in the ubiquitination of proteins destined for degradation in the proteasome. Highlighted the RING finger domain in action oligo (SCF, Parkin, VCB, APC / C) and monomer (c-Cbl, MDM2, BRCA1, CHFR, IAP) ubiquitin ligases.

COP9 Sygnalosome ( CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 9) referred more often abbreviated as CSN ( COP9 signalosome called ) is a multiprotein complex nuclear commonly occurring Eucariotes . The results of many diverse studies have shown CSN participate in a wide range of vital processes , such as photomorhogenesis , regulation of cell cycle or cell differentiation . Increasingly complex COP9 signalosome is associated with the control of the ubiquitin mediated protein degradation .