Ion channel is the basic solution in the exchange of molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane. It plays a vital role in the transport of metabolites and protein import. The article discusses the basic properties of the outer membrane channels and their participation in the physiology of mitochondria. The existence of a number of factors governing the functional state of the outer membrane channel indicates that the molecular weight is only one of the factors influencing the passage of molecules through the membrane. Moreover, thanks to the presence of complex modulation channel, the outer membrane plays an important role not only in the regulation of energy metabolism and mitochondrial function but also in the biogenesis and the operation of the whole cell.