The brain of adult animals, including humans, sustained the ability to create new glial cells and neurons. This process is called postnatal neurogenesis. It is possible owing to the presence of neuronal stem cells in the neurogenic zones. The subependymal layer, a part of periventricular zone, demonstrates the highest intensity of neurogenesis. Ependymal cells, forming the external lining of the lateral ventricles, can also effectively differentiate into cells of the nervous system.

Transport synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of macromolecules occurs by an protein complex coated vesicles COP COP I and II. Polymorphic tubularno-vesicular intermediate compartment (IC VTCs or ERGIC) located between the endoplasmic reticulum and cis-Golgi cisterns, participates in the regulation of the transport and sorting of macromolecules through the processes of recognition of a signal sequence. For example, the sequence difenyloalaninowa (FF) of ER export signal sequence dilizynowa (KKXX) is, however, essential for the desired protein to the endoplasmic reticulum.