Human skin is an organ rich in stem cells cultured in vitro form a so-called . holoklony . These cells express high levels of ? 1 - and ? 6 - integrin , p63 proteins , Delta1 , and ? - Catenin . Early keratinocytes are of much interest in research of both basic and clinical research , due to the possibility of their potential use in the treatment of trophic ulcers and burns . Although propagated from small biopsies ex vivo keratinocytes are successfully used in the clinic , our knowledge about the mechanisms regulating self-renewal and differentiation of skin stem cells is very limited.

Due to its biological properties and the potential possibility of clinical application, the stem cells are currently the subject of an enormous interest. Totipotent stem cells isolated from the early embryo can develop into an embryo. Pluripotent stem cells from an organism selected mature differentiate into all tissue types that may soon find therapeutic use. It appears that the development of tissue engineering methods permit a tissue culture in vitro and their use in subsequent transplantation.

The use of in vitro cultured keratinocytes transplantation (summary paper)

The ability to obtain mass rearing of small stretches of human tissues and modify their behavior in vitro has led to increased interest in practical application of these achievements in biology and medicine. Conventional treatment of skin defects are not always effective , and there is a need to construct skin substitutes . These may replace the epidermis , but also have been developed full thickness skin equivalents . However, they have next to numerous advantages and disadvantages that lead researchers to seek new solutions .