Phytoestrogens are plant-derived chemical compounds which may affect reproductive processes in humans and animals. In their target cells, phytoestrogens may mimic (estrogenic effects) or antagonize (antiestrogenic effects) action of endogenous estrogens. In the current paper, contemporary views are presented on intracellular mechanism of phytoestrogen action in ovarian, uterine, and mammary gland cells.