One of the key issues for understanding organogenesis is to understand the mechanisms underlying the differentiation of progenitor cells into specialized cells of various tissues. The development of molecular biology methods including transcriptomics and proteomics allows identification and knowledge of the role of various factors and mechanisms for regulating and / or affecting the genetic level to the process of differentiation, as well as to changes in the functioning of the already phenotypically mature cells. In recent years, there have been numerous papers on the mechanisms of the process of bone formation. This article attempts to summarize the role of the most important factors governing the process of osteoblastogenesis.